TC seemed to suggest they should be staying put where they were.
None of Pakistan, India, Malaysia, or Indonesia are signatories to the UN Convention on Refugees, so there is no way to apply for refugee status in any of those countries.
Agree with you here, but if someone has been residing in Indonesia for 6 months, is working and has has their children in school, and living in fixed accomodation, are they still a refugee? Presumably they can't easily gain Indonesian citizenship.
I'm glad you asked! You have to have a visa to enter Australia; a tourist visa is pretty much the easiest to get. But if you're applying from Afghanistan, for example, they're unlikely to believe that you're coming as a tourist; visa applications from countries that generate lots of refugees are closely scrutinised and usually denied. It's entirely a different matter to a US or UK citizen getting a tourist visa.
If you tell them you want to apply for asylum, you'll be rejected. It's simply not possible for people from Afghanistan (for example) to jump on a plane to Australia on a tourist visa and apply for asylum upon arrival. It's the Australian government's own policies that force them to take the dangerous and expensive journey by boat, to one of the nearest countries that's signatory to the Refugee Convention.
True, but none of that physically prevents anyone from flying to Sydney. You don't need a visa to get to the airport, but rather to cross into Australia from the international terminal. The news report I linked suggests quite a few people claim asylum at immigration.