Peter....Not a bad effort at all.
If you look at Have a gander at
No. 8 - Interest Rates Overseas. you'll see that there certainly has been a relationship between US and Australian interest rates in the past.
I see no reason why there will not continue to be so in the future.
(What your looking at is the two diagrams on the right hand side of the first page)
The bottom of those two graphs shows the movement of Australian and US interest rates over the period 1991-2003 (and a few other nations). Unless my eyes are playing tricks, our interest rate tracks very closely to that of the US. If anything we have tended to lag ever so slightly behind them in terms of lowering or rising rates (ie. we are the follower, not the leader).
Looking now at the top graph.
The differential (currently standing at 4.25%) between Australian interest rates (5.25%) and US interest rates (1.00%) has only opened up considerably in the last 3 years.
In fact for a brief moment, in early 2001, Australia and the US had the same interest rate of 5.00%
What happened after that?
The RBA held steady for 5 months (from April to September 2001), while the US Fed kept cutting rates.
Essentially the RBA has remained relatively inactive in terms of altering the cash rate (that doesn't mean their stance hasn't changed) just that movements in the cash rate between 4.25 and 5.25% aren't exactly mind blowing.
However, the US Fed has continued to cut rates. Over the period May 2000 - Dec 2001 the interest rate in the US fell from 6.5% to 1.75% (September 11 did exacerbate the fall, but by then the trend was well established).
And you can see that in the graphs.
RBA Interest Rate Changes since 1990.
US Federal Reserve Interest Rate Changes since July 1990.
On the exchange rates....
IMHO the interest rate differential is increasingly of concern to the RBA.
On 4 November 2003, when the RBA decided to raise the cash rate from 4.75 to 5.00% the $AUD/$USD exchange rate was 0.6975.
On 2 December 2003, when the RBA decided to raise the cash rate from 5.00 to 5.25% the $AUD/$USD exchange rate was 0.7341.
On 12 January 2004 the exchange rate was 0.7787.
As at 4pm AEST 21/1/04 the exchange rate was 0.7698.
That is a 10% appreciation in little over 2 months.
References:
Historical Exchange Rate Data and
RBA Website.
Looking further back...
The $AUD spent the vast majority of its' time in the 1990's in the mid-high 70's compared to the USD (it even topped 80 cents for a while in 1996).
That wasn't such a big deal when both economies where growing strongly. But times have changed.
The $AUD hit the proverbial brick wall and went as low as 48 cents US (in early 2001) - and since then has bounced back almost 60%!
At about this time (if not slightly earlier) it was evident that the US economy was headed for a stall so the Fed started slashing rates (as mentioned above).
For whatever reason(s), Australia has continued to be the economic miracle of the western world.
However, the US economy did grind to a halt and it remains sluggish (at best).
So, with the US economy still treading water , the exchange rate is of concern.
It might not be the RBA's primary concern at the moment - but it has to be up there.
MB