Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide (MW: average 20,000) found mainly in various species of brown seaweed such as kombu, limu moui, bladderwrack, wakame, mozuku, and hijiki (variant forms of fucoidan have also been found in animal species, including the sea cucumber).
Substantial pharmaceutical research has been done on fucoidan, focusing primarily on two distinct forms: F-fucoidan, which is >95% composed of sulfated esters of fucose, and U-fucoidan, which is approximately 20% glucuronic acid. As a consequence of this research, U-fucoidan and F-fucoidan are now being marketed as a nutraceutical and food supplement.[1][2]
A study [3] released in 2005 by Japanese researchers have indicated that F-fucoidan can induce apoptosis in human lymphoma cell lines; as well, French researchers showed in 2002 [4] that F-fucoidan can inhibit hyperplasia in rabbits.
A study at the Statens Serum Institute, in Copenhagen, showed that, after pre-treatment with Fucoidan, deaths of rats infected with meningitis increased. 21 out of 45 rats that had been given Fucoidan and then treated after infection with an antibiotic died; as compared with 5 deaths out of 29 for those had not been given Fucoidan and had been treated with only the antibiotic.[5]
Another clinical study to determine the effects of ingested Undaria-derived-fucoidan on hematopoietic stem cells was carried out at UTAS, Australia. Scientists found that there was a small increase in total numbers of CD34+ cells, and a profound increase, from 40% to 90% in the proportion of CD34+ cells that expressed CXCR4 when 75% Undaria fucoidan was ingested. A smaller increase was noted when Undaria containing 10% w/w fucoidan was ingested. The ability to mobilize HPCs with high levels of CXCR4 expression could be clinically valuable