I note that Dolf (de Roos) says that technically (I know its a minor point) the rule should really be the rule of 79 because the increase in value is incremental as opposed to increasing in value annually.
However that aside, it doesn't take away from anything that has been said previously on the subject.
Jahn,
It's "the compound interest rule" . If you divide "72" by the annual rate of compound interest, the result is the number of years it takes to double the principal. For more ...plug "rule of 72" into Google and you'll get the full story.
LL