Trade deficits to return: economists
3/02/2009 12:35:53 PM
Australia's trade surplus shrunk by 40 per cent in December after an economic slowdown in China reduced demand for commodity exports.
Economists say this means a return to trade deficits as bulk commodity prices fall amid a global economic decline, and a sharp drop in federal government revenue.
The balance of goods and services was a surplus $589 million, seasonally adjusted, in December, the Australian Bureau of Statistics said on Tuesday.
This represented a 40 per cent drop from a downwardly revised $979 million surplus in November.
December's trade surplus was the fifth monthly surplus in a row, but it was much narrower than market forecasts for a $950 million surplus.
In December, exports fell by 3.0 per cent in adjusted terms, while imports were down 2.0 per cent.
Non-rural exports fell by 5 per cent, driven by a double-digit fall in coal exports.
Australia's trade surplus has fallen for three months in a row since reaching a record $2.582 billion in October, which was the biggest since ABS record began in 1971.
ANZ economist Alex Joiner said Australia's trade balance was likely to return to deficit in possibly two to three months as a slowdown in China exacerbated the reduced demand for commodity exports.
"The trade surplus was pretty much driven by increase commodity price contracts: now we've seen this reduced significantly," he said.
"There's just not the demand for commodities in the next few years.
"The China story is definitely not over but it's on hold for a year or so."
Dr Joiner said a reduced demand for Australian commodities would put in hole in federal government revenue as the world economy deteriorated.
"Global demand is expected is stay weak," he said.
"Once contract commodity prices are renegotiated in April and May, we would expect bulk commodity prices for coal and iron ore to fall by 50 per cent.
"Obviously, that's going to further exacerbate the trade deficit."
Nomura chief economist Stephen Roberts said interest rate cuts and increased federal government spending, to stimulate demand amid an economic downturn, would do more to help imports.
"If you look at retail sales and business investment spending, many of these items are imported," he said.
"We have a stimulus effect running to demand in general, some of which will leak to imports."
Mr Roberts said a sharp drop in contract prices for Australia's biggest exports, coal and iron, from April would contribute to billion-dollar trade deficits by the middle of 2009.
"The run we've had of trade surpluses is going to be shortlived," he said.
"Exports are in the firing line from a slowdown in the global economy.
"We have seen the beginning of the slippage: there is going to be a very substantial deficit by the middle of 2009."
HSBC chief economist John Edwards said the decline in exports was disappointing, and particularly the 11 per cent fall in exports of coal, coke and briquettes.
"That came in well below where we expected," Dr Edwards said.
He said the numbers made it more of a challenge to record positive growth in the December quarter gross domestic product.
"It is not possible to be definite at this point, but after today's numbers we now know that net exports probably won't help the GDP result," he said.
"Since other components are likely to be weak, the risk of a contraction in the quarter is now considerable."
Imports of consumption goods were two per cent higher in December, which Dr Edwards said implied retailers had begun to stock up on imports and suggested a "firm number" for retail sales data for December due on Wednesday.